LocateNtrack - vehicle Tracking principles

Basic technologies for vanilla Vts In car device

1. A Gps and Gsm / Gprs enabled embedded microcontroller withoptionalSd card / Usb for storage capabilities is used for capturing the real-time location and transferring them to the server.
2. The device operates on car battery with indispensable security from voltage / current surge. It also has battery backup.
3. In case of theft the car can be immobilized remotely.
4. Support for external antennas for good range and accuracy.
5. Instant Sms and email alerts in case any undesired events or crisis situations.

Web application

1. Web application is sued for live monitoring of devices lively around.
2. Rich graphical user interface makes system usage a excellent experience.
3. It presents you with current locations, route trace, andtravel history of the vehicle.
4. It also provides alerts in case of geo-fence violation (you can mark boundaries along a road or you can have a area-wise fencing) and overspending alerts.

Vts accessories

Only car tracking is not enough in most of the cases. Enhanced versions of Vts also provides following value added services to cater to definite requirement of converyance fleet owners.

Rfid

Can be used be daily travelers (bus or cabs) for authentication of travelers. Each passenger is in case,granted with a Rfid card and the Vts is installed with Rfid reader. This helps in getting real time location information of each passenger. Location details of where a passenger was picked up and dropped are provided. This is a favorite of the Bpo companies to ensure security of ladies staff being picked up and dropped at night.

Fuel level sensor

Helps in monitoring fuel usage. The web application provides fuel usage statistics for a given period of time. Typical fuel sensors are not very precise and regularly this highlight fails to supply good accuracy. Some added experimentation is being done in this area but most of the current implementation only supply an indication of fuel usage and roughly cannot be used to detect theft of few liters of fuel.

Temperature monitor

Monitoring cargo climatic characteristic is extremely prominent for maintaining the food potential while transport. This clarification is especially used when carrying milk, ice creams, fresh fruits and vegetables, and any load from cold storages. If for some speculate the drivers happen to turn off the inventory (typically to save petrol) and the climatic characteristic rises beyond approved level, immediate declaration is sent to the fleet owner. Also minute-by-minute climatic characteristic history is recorded in the device (and on the web server) thus ensuring no conflicts between the carrier and the customer. This clarification is very favorite in the cold storage logistics companies.

Camera

A camera can be integrated with Vts to periodically change still images to the web server. This helps in identifying the driver and no one can cheat car owners anymore. Typically driver's image is sent once a wee to the server thus ensuring that there is no proxy-driver. This clarification is favorite with the bus / taxi owners with large fleets which are in cities other than their home town.

Operational difficulties

Accuracy of Gps

Typical Gps receivers supply an accuracy of 10 to 15 meters vertically and about 20 meters horizontally. Gps receivers regularly need locking of four satellites to get valid data. Accuracy increases with growth in the amount of satellites locked. The potential of Gps signal depends on the state of atmosphere, both its upper (e.g. Ionosphere) and the lower layer that influences the weather conditions. Sometimes, on cloudy and humid days the Gps receivers may have problems with calculating its position.

Start up time

When the device boots up after a power down cycle it regularly takes a consolidate of minutes to accumulate the coordinates. This is technically referred as 'Cold Start' where the Gps receiver does not have valid almanac and ephemeris. It regularly takes time to accumulate valid almanac and ephemeris data. Once the data is obtained it is stored in Ram and can be added used to accumulate data quickly. If power supervision is implemented and device wakes up after periodic time interval to capture locations, the time required to accumulate locations is in 10's of seconds. This is technically referred as 'Hot or Warm Start'; here the Gps receiver has valid almanac and ephemeris data stored in Ram and only communicates with the satellite to get coordinates.

No Gps connectivity in grand regions

If for some reasons the Gps receiver cannot lock required amount of satellites, location data cannot be obtained, in such cases there is partial loss of data. There is no clarification to this type of situations, as the source itself cannot supply required data; however, these are extremely rare.

No Gsm / Gprs in remote locations

It is a well known fact that all the places on the planet do that have Gsm / Gprs service available. In such case the acquired Gps location data are stored in the device and once Gprs network is ready the stored data can be transferred to the server. This essentially means that the tracking device needs to have indispensable storage capacity to store few 1000's of location details. Some solutions offer Gsm (Sms) to change the data in absence of Gprs connectivity. This helps in getting real-time data at places with Gsm connectivity but no or weak Gprs signal. A few solutions also offer dual Sim functionality to ensure that connectivity hampered only in situations where none of the two service providers can offer any service. This is very useful in India!

Frequency of data logging

Data logging frequency from Gps module can be as low as 5 seconds to few minutes. regularly 5 seconds is required in very few cases. Data sampling rates typically varies for each requirement. Tracking systems regularly can set this period legitimately using web interface or Sms.

Defining Geo-fences

Geo-fencing is an extremely indispensable highlight that all tracking solutions 'Have To' provide. General solutions offer circular geo-fencing that would raise alerts when the car moves out of an area. Any way for containers or high value goods converyance it is extremely indispensable to have a boundary drawn over the road. This type of geo-fencing along with stoppage reports virtually eliminates any theft of good. Defining a geo-fence along a boundary can be a painstaking activity; no user interface can legitimately offer an enjoyable palpate to define a geo-fence adjoining to a road. In such cases, reference runs can be used for fencing the roads swiftly and with minimum user efforts.

Environmental impacts

Heat, vibrations, dusty conditions loose connections and other open environment problems have an impact on tracking vehicles efficiently. It is extremely indispensable to setup a well tested / enclosed device, especially on India roads which are not only rough but also bumpy at times!

Cost of Gsm / Gprs service

It is a myth that using Gprs for car tracking applications is an extremely high-priced affair. However, assorted services providers in India supply with data plans specially meant for car tracking applications with a monthly rent of as low as 50 Rs (less than a dollar)!

Willful sabotage

Gps antenna wire cut or removed

When person cuts a Gps antenna or removes it physically for bad intentions, the device can sense that swiftly and notify the server via Gprs or Gsm. The server application sends an instant declaration to the involved citizen in form of Sms. The device can legitimately distinguish between no satellites locked or no data at all, which nullifies the possibility of false alarms.

Gsm antenna wire cut or removed

This is a very tricky situation where the device can do nothing but log the information along with date time stamp and whenever there is connectivity (antenna is connected again)sends it as an alarm. This type of sabotage cannot be detected in real-time, Any way the information sent later can be used for post-mortem analysis.

Power wire cut intentionally

When the power wire is cut the devices control on battery. They send an immediate mains fail signal to the server which than propagates this information to involved people. The modern day devices are lively enough to distinguish between power cut and machine off situations.

Temperature sensors tampered or wire cut

In climatic characteristic sensitive container monitoring if optimal or required temperatures are not maintained huge losses can incur. Drivers intend to turn off the machine to save on fuel costs. The climatic characteristic sensors can swiftly sense that and send notifications to server. To avoid this, the drivers might cut off the climatic characteristic sensor wires. When something like this happens the device can sense the sabotage swiftly and notify the server via Gprs or Gsm. The server application sends an instant declaration to the involved citizen in form of Sms.

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beginning Your Invention With the Arduino Starter Kit

The Arduino starter kit is often used by inventors who want to create a good grab bag of parts for their creative thinking - pulling together all kinds of favourite herbs and spices in the amateur electronics enthusiast's recipe book. It includes the Arduino Uno board, the newest microcontroller open source board from SparkFun - plus an array of devices, sensors, cables and connectors convenient for any inventive emergency!

The Arduino does not come with a printed manual, so if you are new to the Arduino universe you might want to try a SparkFun Inventor's Kit - or maybe buy both to maximise your parts potential. That said, of course, you can all the time get the data you need from the web, in true open source style - join a few forums, get out there and start studying "on the job" by copying other people's projects and looking how they might be tweaked so they can work even better!

The Arduino starter kit embodies the whole ethos of peon source, which has started to move in on mainstream amelioration as even the big fellowships start to realise just what a indispensable reserved supply the hobbying electronics enthusiast really is. With Arduino starter kit users taking existing platforms and developing new technology, new devices and new driver using just their imagination and their creativity, the inherent for new products is as real as it is huge.

So how do you make the most of your Arduino kit? Depends how much sense you already have. The best way to learn is by doing - that is the whole ethos of the hobby electronics world after all - but that doesn't mean you need to throw yourself in at the deep end. You can compose a few straightforward applications first, getting to know how all things works, what kind of sensors you need, that kind of thing.

The more you read, the more use your Arduino will be. From creating that first straightforward application to developing a whole new touch screen environment for a smart phone is only a matter of conference knowledge and practising.

Though there is of procedure one other part of the equation that you need to pay concentration to. The best inventions happen when the originator perceives some kind of need that has yet to be fulfilled - something that habitancy want to do but, as yet, have no gadget to help them do it. Who knows - perhaps your Arduino starter kit could get you into something like that?

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7 Ways How to Teach Phonics at Home

Phonics is probably one of the best things you could ever endow to your children. The essentials of phonics involve the connection of spoken English to the letters in the alphabet. Teaching your children phonics at home will give them a good grasp of English so that they will be globally competitive someday.

Here are some ways in which you can teach your children who are 4 years old and above to learn phonics early on:

7 Ways How to Teach Your Children Phonics

1. Converse - Talking to children will construct their quality to listen and imitate. Conversations will help children listen to the sounds as you say them correctly.

2. Act it Out - As actions speak louder than words, teaching sound to your child using funny and enjoyable facial expressions and hand and body movements has been found very effective. Movements will break the monotony in learning and you children will all the time look forward to fun activities of interaction. Moreover, the actions will enhance the transfer of the sounds to your children.

3. Flashcards - Pictures captivate the interest and curiosity of the child. Flash some picture cards while you say the sound of the letters and you make connection easier for the child. Pick pictures that are especially designed for children - easy and colorful.

4. Nursery Rhymes - rhyming will let the children have a view of what the letters of the alphabets can do when sounded or blended together. Nursery rhymes have indicated humor for children to enjoy learning.

5. Dvd Programs - Watch educational copies of phonics at home to make children imitate the sound easily. Most phonics programs can be viewed in the computer where teaching is done through games. Educational games are fun activities which you and your child can engage in.

6. Education Cartoons - For children, seeing their favorite cartoon character talk and act out will become an inspiration and challenge for them to learn phonics. There are vast arrays of cartoon shows that teach phonics for kids. Let the television and the internet be your tandem in teaching phonics lessons.

7. Computer games and programs - computer models stimulate the child's learning ability. Studies have shown that through using a computer model that shows the phonics learning of children, you are honing a skilled reader in the future.

These are easy tips for parents on how to teach phonics at home. The child who is good in phonics can construct a good reading skill and will be able to catch up in learning other subjects that are related

7 Ways How to Teach Phonics at Home

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How to Get an Electrical Engineer Degree?

An electrical engineer is far from just manufacture light bulbs as they have an enormous selection of occupation paths to select from. An electrical engineer can select the following industry as their occupation path: power transmission, electromagnetic, signal processing, control law design, industrial appliances, instrumentations, telecommunications, embedded systems, bioelectricity etc.

Sounds attractive doesn't it? So how does one come to be an electrical engineer then? You will need to be curious in how things work and have the enthusiasm to find the solution. You will also need to excel in Math, Chemistry and Physic courses during high school. Another important skill one needs to survive in pursuing an Electrical Engineering schooling is programming.

During your years in university as an electrical engineering student, you will have many opportunities to use your programming skills as practically all today has a microcontroller inside, along with the alarm clock that you woke up to. So brush up on those programming skills! An electrical engineer with both proven hardware and software skills will be a primary asset for companies.

In your undergraduate studies, you can also partake in dissimilar engineering explore projects happening in the campus. You can learn a lot of knowledge from the professors and graduate students that would not regularly be able to learn in courses. Another chance that is excellent for your occupation is to partake in Internship/Co-Op programs. These programs are offered by many clubs in which they would contribute you work feel in the industry that you are curious in.

I hope this would be sufficient information for you in what to expect when you pursue this occupation path.

Good Luck!

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Usb Microcontroller Communications Architecture for Human Interface device (Hid)

The Usb communications architecture is designed to enable computing devices such as desktop Pcs and laptops to interconnect with many other peripheral devices. A Usb uses a two wire serial communications link running at one of three dissimilar speeds: 1.5 megabits per second (low speed), 12 Mbps (full speed) and 480 Mbps (high speed). Usb devices are categorized into discrete device classes such as display, communication, audio, mass warehouse and human interface.

The Human Interface device (Hid) Class defines coarse behaviors and functions for touch screen interfaces. The Hid class includes peripherals such as keyboards, mice, trackballs, joysticks, touch pads and touch screens that enable end users to operate and interact with the computing system. Hid also includes provisions for output directed to the end user. The Hid specification requires one operate endpoint and one interrupt endpoint with the host.

The operate pipe typically handles enumeration and device configuration while the interrupt pipe is used for data transfer. Descriptors define a Usb device to the host regarding the type of device, the device manufacturer, Usb1.x or 2.0 or 3.0 support, device configuration, endpoints quantities and types, etc. Touch screen device descriptors tell the host which endpoints and transfer types are supported. In addition to handling approved Usb requests, Hid devices must riposte to all approved Hid requests. Data must be transferred within defined structures called reports, which can be transferred over either the operate pipe or interrupt pipe.

Hid devices can transfer information stored in reports with the host through the operate pipes. This transfer is typically reserved for configuration information or device identification. The Usb specification defines the transfer sequence for the operate pipe, which has a higher level of error checking than other transfer methods. The host application programming interface (Api) calls used to send data through the operate pipe differ from those used for the interrupt pipe. While enumeration, the device requests how often it wants the host to ask for the data or send the data. After enumeration is complete, the host schedules data transfers on a periodic basis. If the enumerated device is a touch screen, the touch screen Usb bridge or the touch controller (e.g., a controller that supports Usb natively) assembles the coordinates of the finger(s), as well as other associated information such as finger width, signal strengths, finger speed and gestures, and shop that data in a buffer. The data is transmitted to the host at the interval specified previously or upon unavoidable events such as a finger's touch.

Usb Microcontroller Communications Architecture for Human Interface device (Hid)

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